Azov Sea: Mathata le lintlha tse thahasellisang. mathata a tikoloho ea Azov Leoatle le lebōpong le lona

Leoatleng la Azov ke e ikhethang beha dintho tsa tikoloho. Motho ka mong o utloisisa bohlokoa ba ho lula e hloekile e le mohloli oa lintho tse bonahalang feela empa hape leruo la moea. Ena hang-e leng ka tsela e hlollang tsa tlhaho saeteng ba hloka tšireletso ea tebileng.

Sea of Azov, mathata a eo - empa mafutsana tlholeho boemo ka lebaka la mesebetsi ya moruo ya naheng tse mabopong, etsahalang ka makhetlo a thata. Ka lilemo tse leshome tse fetileng e haholo fokotseha le palo ya tshebetso tikoloho, ke hore, ntle le ho feteletsa taba, e bolela koluoa.

Ka makhetlo a Soviet mmuso tshebetsong leano batlang e le katleho ho sireletsa hydrosphere ena. Ka lilemo tse 90 bobeli Russia le Ukraine ba undergone liphetoho khōlō moruo le lipolotiki, khahlanong le eo litaba tsa tikoloho li 'nile tsa lahloa kherehloa. Leha ho le joalo, ho fokotseha 'me mojaro ka lintho tse phelang tikolohong ea loketseng ho ga ekonomi ea moruo.

Hang ha linaha tsa sebakeng sa ama keketseho, khahlamelo e bohloko ka tikoloho e eketsehile. By 2008, tlhahiso liindasteri tsa Russia le Ukraine ba feta boemong ba hore le teng ka USSR. Lekelekanang eketsehileng le ho kena leoatleng ho tloha litšila likhoerekhoere le contaminants tse ling.

ke eng Leoatleng la Azov

Le bua ka lehlakoreng la Black Sea beisine ho tloha ka leboea-bochabela, o tlohang ka ho qetela Kerch Strait. leoatle Sena ke sa tebang haholo lefatšeng. Botebo karolelano ea Leoatle Azov ka ho fetisisa libakeng tse "ka lintho tse tebileng" ha e fete 13,5 limithara le bophara ba Strait - 4.2 km SE. Ea lipheletsong tsa e ba sebakeng bolokolohi 45 ° 12'30 "le 47 ° 17'30", longitude: ea 33 ° 38 'me tse 39 ° 18'. Ka kakaretso, e botebo karolelano ea Leoatle Azov ranges ho tloha 6,8 ho 8 limithara tse. Lona ka ho fetisisa bolelele 343 dikhilomitha, sebaka se palo e kahodimodimo ea 231 km le ka bophara. Sebakeng holim'a leoatle - 37605 km le, le lebōpo e otlolla ka 1472 km SE.

Azovskoe leoatle, mocheso oa oona o ile a pepesa ho liphetoho tse khōlō ka linako tse itseng e emela 'mele o fokolang oa metsi. tlisang liphallelo ke a bataletseng le mabōpo a tlaase leoatleng. Boemo libaka, ka ho hlakileng, ho fana e le litšobotsi tse lona. Mohlomong u ka se mong le e mong oa tseba hore kontinenteng ho fetisisa lefatšeng le - e le Leoatle la Azov. mocheso lona lehlabula +24 ... +26 ° C. Ka mariha, e tsitsipanyang fetang e feletse kapa e sa fella, nakong ea selemo leqhoa e nkoa ka mochophorong kena Leoatleng le Letšo.

The letsoai le metsing a Leoatle le Azov e tlaase ka ho lekaneng. Ka kakaretso, ho ke ke ka makhetlo a mararo ka tlaase ho e letsoai le metsing ho tloaelehile tsa metsi a leoatle. boleng Sena ke ka 1 ppm ho Don confluence sebakeng le eketsa ho 10,5 ppm haufi le karolo e bohareng. Ka Kerch Strait letsoai le metsing a Leoatle le Azov fihla palo e kahodimodimo - 11,5 ppm.

Seo re se tsebang ka baahi ba eona? Azov leoatle mehlodi ya tsa likokoana-hloko tseo e ne e le qalong kgolo haholo, hona joale e na le mefuta e 103 ea litlhapi. Plankton biomass fihla 200 g, ka ho ya ka boholo lisekoere. m.

mathata a tikoloho a Leoatle Azov

Ka sehloohong theknoloji hampe itšoarang ka lintlha oang tsa linōka untreated likhoerekhoere tse nang le litšila. moeta-pele pele e neng e lefatšeng ka ho tsoasa litlhapi, leoatle o lahlehile ka motsotsoana boleng bohle ba eona. Joale diteng tsa phenols feta MPC ke makhetlo a 7, thiocyanates - 12,6.

Mehloli e ka sehloohong ea tšilafalo leoatleng - likoung le lik'hamphani liindasteri Mariupol. Metallurgical Combine "Azovstal" selemo le selemo ntša metsi a eona limithara tse dikhubu fetang limilione tse 800 tsa metsi a likhoerekhoere.

Ba o ile a senola fetang MPC ya naetrojene, tšepe, koporo, zinki le oli lihlahisoa. polluter mong kgolo - koung khoebo ea Mariupol. tšoaro ea hae dimela thuso ka ho feletseng - ka metsi a litsupa tsa tšilafalo e phahame ho feta kae kapa kae e mong.

Seo tšoenyehile environmentalists

Setsebi tlhokomelo kgolo ya meqolo sebabole, eo overloading e khanna ka likoung tsa Ukraine, hammoho le ho senyeha ha ya haha halofo lekholo tse fetileng, tsamaiso ea metsi ho noa, lebaka la ho hloka tse ngata metseng le litoropong tse tsamaiso ea kalafo ea likhoerekhoere, ka lebaka la seo ke ka ho toba ka metsi leoatle fumana ditshila. Ho ea ka lipalo-palo, molumo oa matlakala selemo le selemo qhallang kena Leoatleng la Azov ho fihlela ho limithara tse dikhubu limilione tse likete tse 5.

oli leoatleng tšilafalo e loketseng ho thomello le koung mesebetsi e nkile koluoa.

mahloriso a bona Leoatleng la Azov libaka feta meeli eohle ka nahanoang. Pesticide dikahare fihla 40 mg, / k. Ka lebaka la oli tšolloa ke tlotlolotsoe oksijene phapanyetsano, lintho tse phelang metsing a tšelloa chefo ke chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana. Ke ho shoa ha batho ba bangata litlhapi. libaka metsi tshireletso kenyelletsa ditokiseletso le boima ba litšila indasteri le e ruuoang.

ho tšoasa litlhapi e kotsi

mathata a mang a tikoloho a Leoatle Azov li amahanngoa le baahi ba oona. Tlase trawling o nako e telele e ka molao thibetsoe, empa, leha ho le joalo, e sebediswa hoo e ka bang libakeng tsohle. Ka lebaka la libaka tsa tlase-ho lula ba timetsoa tlhapi phelang, morue shoela'ng-filtara feeders - tlhapi phepelo ea lijo. Bochaba murk bakeng km 'maloa ho fokotsa ho sebeletsa pepeneneng metsi.

feela karolo ea sekepe ho tšoasa litlhapi e matla a ho sebetsa le thibelo Seine tšoasa. Empa ha e le hantle e bophahamo ba modumo ea ipatele lona. Hape a atisa ho sebelisa ho e-na le matlooa trawls, ho fellang ka timetsoa ha feela metšoasong tlhapi, empa e boetse e le sebaka sa spawning lona le ho fepa. Bosholu ba ile ea etsa hore ea fokotseha ka makhetlo a 5 ea tlhahiso lilemong tsa morao tjena.

linako tse ling

Ke eng hape e eu tšoenyang ecologists? A mangata lipotso, 'me lenane la tsona e le hōle le e phophothehileng. Sena ke ho hahoa ha matamo ka Don le Kuban (linōka ka sehloohong la Leoatle Azov), butle-butle fetoha le book seqhenqha. Le clogging lik'hemik'hale potolohileng mobu ka lebaka la matseno a oa temo nosetsoang ho tloha jalang raese. Le sa laoleheng lero la chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana.

Ho phaella moo, khahlamelo e mpe ka bothata Azov Leoatle la kaho matla ka sete lebōpong la loseer le plesieroorde, eo e phethahatsoa ntle moketeng oa bophelo bo botle le tikoloho litekanyetso tsa hae leha e le efe. Sena se ferekanya mabōpo tsa tlhaho boemo le decreases bokhoni ba bona.

Ho boetse ho na le bothata bo tebileng - kgotlhela gongwe, ke hore, litšila lahla sa likepe le lifofane leoatleng kapa timetso ea bona ho ne ho reriloe ... Ka tsela eo ha ho silafatsoa ke mercury le metsi a leoatle a etella pele, e leng atisa ho ipokellela ka le dikarolo tsa lona e ka holimo.

Azov Sea - Mathata le Solutions

The khoneha tsela feela ea ho rarolla mathata a e potlakileng bo-rasaense ba tikoloho lumela phetoho ea bohlokoa ka ho etelletsa pele lintho tsa sebakeng seo. E lokela ho ba ho fokotsa tlhahiso le phetoho ea ho tsoasa litlhapi le boikhathollo. Koung le lipalangoang tsa dibopeho tsa motheo hloka taolo e thata ea koung le thomello, ho fokotseha ha sephethephethe ya thepa e kotsi le e kotsi, modernization ea limela likhoerekhoere kalafo le kaho ea tse ncha.

E ka u thusa ho fokotsa tlhahiso ea noang metsi, eketsa kotlo bakeng sa tshebediso e sa dumellwang ho lokolloa ha effluents.

Libakeng tse haufi le leoatle hlokang ho ntlafatsoa melao-motheo ea temo, ho lahloa kherehloa ea lijalo tse ba hōlileng le ho sebelisa ha chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana le kotsi le manyolo, ho tsosolosoa ha spawning litlhapi le ho falla litsela tsa bona.

Mehato ho hlokahala ho tighten melao e mabapi le ho sireletsa libaka mabopong le ka tlhokomelo ea kamehla ea puso tlholeho ya tikoloho lebōpong la leoatle le leoatleng, categorically hanela ho kgotlhela gongwe leoatleng la metsi untreated litšila le metsi drainage.

Seo kajeno ho na le litsela tsa ho hloekisa eona?

mekhoa meleng le lik'hemik'hale

Mechanical ho hloekisa e sebediswa ha u batla ho tlosa-butle insoluble. Sena se etsoa ke straining, karaoke set, sedimentation le ho tloswa ea likaroloana slurry le ohla centrifugal sebetse.

mekhoa lik'hemik'hale tse sebelisoang ho felisa lintho tse metsi-qhibilihang ka har'a. Reagents sebediswa bakeng sa morero ona, ho fokotsa toxicity kapa solubility tsa contaminants. Lik'hemik'hale Mekhoa: The ho kena moea le phokotso, neutralization, tlosa ions tšepe.

mekhoa Physico-lik'hemik'hale, mekhoa ke hore. E. kopantswe etsa ho ka khoneha ho tlosa litšila ka mokgwa wa emulsions le suspensions, dintho qhalwa ho ya ka metsi a (bobeli manyolo le inorganic). Mabitso a mekhoa e ka sehloohong: coagulation, Ion phapanyetsano, deodorization, adsorption, degassing, flotation, ultrafiltration, 'me ba bang.

The mokhoa mogote e sebediswa ha ho hlokahala ho tlosa ho tswa ho lintho tse metsi a likhoerekhoere manyolo le matsoai matsoai. Hlahellang ka go tlhoma tlhaloganyo mo e effluent le ho itšehla bona ho tloha sludge ho kena moea oa lintho tse phelang ka ho etswa ha pressurized le neutralization mollo.

ho bolela skeletal le mekhoa

mekhoa joalo teng bakeng sa ho hloekisa metsi a tsoang litšobotsi tse ka sehloohong ho eona qhibiliha manyolo le karolo e 'ngoe inorganic. Tshebetso ena e hahiloeng ka bokhoni ba bang ba limela le microorganisms ho sebelisa lintho tse kotsi e le lijo.

Joalo tlhoekiso thulaganyou e na le mekhahlelo e 'meli, ka tekanyo phallo eo e fapaneng:

1. Adsorption ea litšila qhibiliha le microorganisms tse ntle.

2. Ho timetsoa ha lintho tse kotsi intracellularly ke tshebetso lik'hemik'hale.

Bakeng sa dintho hoo e ka bang bao e seng oxidizing inorganic beha ea mahloriso lebetsoeng le.

Moo le kamoo kalafo tsa likokoana-hloko ho etsahala?

Joalo mokhoa ke khoneha ka maemo a maiketsetso le tlhaho. Ea bobeli e kenyeletsa ea tšimo nosetso, matangoana tsa likokoana-hloko, karaoke set, joalo-joalo D..

nosetso tšimo - sethala e khethehileng, kopantseng sa ho lema ea lijalo e molemo le kalafo metsi a likhoerekhoere. Haeba ha ho letho le e hōlile, ke tšimo ea karaoke set. mekhoa mobu ke e ratoa haholo ke e le tsela ea ho lijalo ho hlahisoeng intensification.

matangoana likokoana-hloko tlatsana e rarahaneng ea mehaho kalafo. Sena se sa tebang 'mele metsi, robehile ka likarolo. Ba sebetsa feela nakong ea lehlabula.

Qetello - e le ho qoba ho tlokotsi tlholeho, hloka e hlakileng leano boemo ho sireletsa lintho tse phelang tikolohong metsing. Ha o se ke la qala hona joale ho boloka Leoatleng la Azov, bothata ba ka 'na ba etsolloa.